Motivation

Introduction

Studying tourist motivation has always been an important factor for tourism management. The ways of

expressing and the changes that develop in time in tourist motivations directly influence tourism demand and supply. In order to survive in a market in constant evolution and change, characterized by fierce competition, in an economy in crisis, suppliers of tourism products and services need to know and anticipate changes in the motivations that determine tourists to buy a holiday package.

It is unlikely to be influenced by a single factor. In most situations, he is influenced by a number of factors when making the decision

Tourist motivation can be defined as a psychological stimulus able to determine the desire to travel. Modes of expression and travel motivation trends over time are crucial in determining the tourism offer, and represent a decision-making factor in production and marketing of goods and services. Depending on the changes that occur in the motivations of tourists, we can determine consumer desires and can predict the most important aspects in creating the tourist offer. By analyzing motivation in tourism we can determine several types of motivations, based on which forms of tourism were developed.

1. Physical motivations derived in tourism recreation, sport, 2.health, cultural motivations derived in cultural tourism, 3.spiritual motivations derived in religious tourism, pilgrimage etc.

In current literature there are available numerous classifications of motivational factors. In „Consumer

behavior in tourism” They  divided  in to two categories:1. motivations that lead a person to choose to travel and motivations that lead a person to choose a particular holiday, in a certain destination, at a certain period in time. 2.The second classification is more complex and is accepted and used by many specialists. According to it, the motivations are:

Motivation categorized in four factors:

1.Intellectual component - that show how individuals are motivated to engage in activities that

require mental activity such as learning, exploration, discovery;

2.Social component - that show how individuals engage in leisure activities for social reasons.

This implies the need to meet two major needs - the need for friendship and inter-personal

relationships and the need to be respected by others;

3.Competence of acquiring skills- show how individuals engage in recreational activities to

achieve, to lead, to challenge and compete. These activities usually are physical, in nature;

4.Competence of avoiding stimulus - show a desire to escape from stressful life situations. This

is the moment when tourists seek to avoid social contact, seeking solitude, peace, relaxation.

In the study of tourist motivation, the tourist has a crucial role as an entity. Each traveler is different and as different are the factors that motivate them. The most important factors that determine the motivation to travel for an individual are:

psychological (relaxation, sun tan, exercise and health, sex)

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Emotional (nostalgia, romance, adventure, escape, fantasy, spiritual needs);

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Personal or visits to relatives and friends, new friends

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Personal development (raising the level of knowledge, learning a new skill);

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Status (fashion, exclusivity, getting a good offer, marriage, children's appearance in a couple)

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Culture (sightseeing, experience of other cultures).

leisure, recreation and holiday;

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Business and professional reasons;

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Health ( health problems, illness, Medical treatment)

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Religion / pilgrimage

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Personal factors: personality, self image, wealth, lifestyle, occupation, age

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His lifestyle (there are different reasons for people concerned with fashion or health, for people

who want to travel alone and the ones who want to make new friends, people who like parties);

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Past experiences (the experience of being a tourist in general, but also in certain types of

holidays; are taken into account both positive and negative experiences);

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Perceptions& Experience (changing expectations as a tourist, strengths and weaknesses);

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Economy (increased or decreased income)

Other reasons (aircraft crews and vessels for the public transport).

Important in the study of tourist motivation is also the study of groups traveling together (shares motivations). People who travel together influence each other regarding decision-making factors.

Most trips are a compromise between the members of the group. It is possible that the group has a dominant member, whose motivations influence the whole group

Those who are part of a higher social class choose holidays in exotic destinations, use luxury means of transport like private jets, yachts, limousines, choose luxury services.

Middle-class tourists are turning to less pretentious offers, choose forms of accommodation such as camping, hostels, hotels from one star to three stars, choose holiday packages with advantageous price, even discounts.

The gender of the tourists can influence to some extent their choice for a holiday. For example,

women choose shopping holidays, or holidays that include beauty and body treatments, spa and men

can opt for sports holidays such as golf tournaments, or participate in various sporting events (tennis

championships, football games etc)

Cultural and nationality differences influence the choices tourists make regarding a holiday. This is the case of tourists from cold areas traveling on holiday in warm areas, or those from warm climate choosing holiday destinations in cold areas.