Impact on Tourism

Impact on Tourism

Economic impacts of tourism.

 Positive economic impacts include:

· Increased incomes;

· Increased foreign exchange;

· Increased employment;

· Improved infrastructure, and

· The multiplier effect.

Negative economic impacts include:

· Decline of traditional employment opportunities;

· Seasonality of employment;

· Increased living costs;

· Leakages, and

· Increased taxes.

Environmental impacts of tourism

 Positive environmental impacts include:

· Improved assets;

· Landscaping;

· Conservation;

· Regeneration, and

· Building regulations.

 Negative environmental impacts include:

· Traffic congestion;

· Erosion of natural resources;

· Pollution of air and water;

· Litter;

· Increase in noise levels;

· Panoramic view damage, and

· Destruction of natural wildlife systems and breeding

patterns.

Socio-cultural impacts of tourism

 Positive socio-cultural impacts include:

· Preservation of customs and crafts;

· Provision of community facilities and public services;

· Aiding of international understanding;

· Encourages travel, mobility and social integration.

 Negative socio-cultural impacts include:

· Conflicts with the host community;

· Crime;

· Loss of cultural identity;

· The demonstration effect;

· Changes to family structure, and

· Social problems, such as begging and prostitution.

inter-relationship of tourism and hospitality

inter-relationship of tourism and hospitality

Hospitality is the action of being hospitable. In other words, welcoming, helpful and providing a service to someone who is visiting.
From that starting point, hospitality is perhaps most important in tourism and leisure because it provides the personal touches to a service such as a holiday and can encourage the tourist to spend more time or money at a location and subsequently to return and recommend the place to friends.

Hospitality is a term that can be judged in many different areas of the tourism industry, from the initial arrival and transport arrangements through to food and beverage service and accommodation provided. It should not be forgotten that hospitality extends to the departure as well; when a guest is leaving it is important to leave a good last impression since all your good work can be ruined at this stage.


There are several components in the tourism industry, for example, food and beverages, lodging, place of attractions, and transportation. All these components are related to the hospitality. Also each of the components has a connection to each other. So, in order to make sure that the customer will feel satisfied using the tourism services we have to ensure that the customer feels satisfied using each of the components. We need to apply hospitality to the food and beverages, so that customers will feel well treated during their lunches, dinners or other meals. We also need to apply hospitality to transportation providers so that customers or passengers will feel comfortable during their journey. Other tourism components also require hospitality. Thus, is demonstrated how hospitality is very important to the tourism industry.


we must provide them with the best service possible so they will feel comfortable using our services. All the services provided such as, guest greeting, and providing a clean and tidy room, showing the facilities provided, and others are all forms types of hospitality. For example when the guests check into the hotel, we can not simply just give them the room key and let the guest look for their room without any assistance. This is not called as hospitality. Hospitality is more than that; we have to be friendly, courteous, helpful, and so forth. Finally, the importance of hospitality is to encourage the guest to return again and become repeat customers. In the tourism industry, people are not just looking at the facilities or the price offered, but also looking at the services provided. If they felt satisfied with their previous experience using the service they might come again and even promote the services to others. This situation will generate more revenue for the company. Allowing the company to work less to promote their services. They just have to concern themselves with the services provided to customer and fulfilling the customers' expectations. Tourism related companies must emphasize on hospitality in order to succeed.

In short, tourism is not just providing facilities to customers; services or hospitality is the main key that will determine the success of the tourism company.

Motivation

Introduction

Studying tourist motivation has always been an important factor for tourism management. The ways of

expressing and the changes that develop in time in tourist motivations directly influence tourism demand and supply. In order to survive in a market in constant evolution and change, characterized by fierce competition, in an economy in crisis, suppliers of tourism products and services need to know and anticipate changes in the motivations that determine tourists to buy a holiday package.

It is unlikely to be influenced by a single factor. In most situations, he is influenced by a number of factors when making the decision

Tourist motivation can be defined as a psychological stimulus able to determine the desire to travel. Modes of expression and travel motivation trends over time are crucial in determining the tourism offer, and represent a decision-making factor in production and marketing of goods and services. Depending on the changes that occur in the motivations of tourists, we can determine consumer desires and can predict the most important aspects in creating the tourist offer. By analyzing motivation in tourism we can determine several types of motivations, based on which forms of tourism were developed.

1. Physical motivations derived in tourism recreation, sport, 2.health, cultural motivations derived in cultural tourism, 3.spiritual motivations derived in religious tourism, pilgrimage etc.

In current literature there are available numerous classifications of motivational factors. In „Consumer

behavior in tourism” They  divided  in to two categories:1. motivations that lead a person to choose to travel and motivations that lead a person to choose a particular holiday, in a certain destination, at a certain period in time. 2.The second classification is more complex and is accepted and used by many specialists. According to it, the motivations are:

Motivation categorized in four factors:

1.Intellectual component - that show how individuals are motivated to engage in activities that

require mental activity such as learning, exploration, discovery;

2.Social component - that show how individuals engage in leisure activities for social reasons.

This implies the need to meet two major needs - the need for friendship and inter-personal

relationships and the need to be respected by others;

3.Competence of acquiring skills- show how individuals engage in recreational activities to

achieve, to lead, to challenge and compete. These activities usually are physical, in nature;

4.Competence of avoiding stimulus - show a desire to escape from stressful life situations. This

is the moment when tourists seek to avoid social contact, seeking solitude, peace, relaxation.

In the study of tourist motivation, the tourist has a crucial role as an entity. Each traveler is different and as different are the factors that motivate them. The most important factors that determine the motivation to travel for an individual are:

psychological (relaxation, sun tan, exercise and health, sex)

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Emotional (nostalgia, romance, adventure, escape, fantasy, spiritual needs);

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Personal or visits to relatives and friends, new friends

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Personal development (raising the level of knowledge, learning a new skill);

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Status (fashion, exclusivity, getting a good offer, marriage, children's appearance in a couple)

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Culture (sightseeing, experience of other cultures).

leisure, recreation and holiday;

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Business and professional reasons;

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Health ( health problems, illness, Medical treatment)

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Religion / pilgrimage

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Personal factors: personality, self image, wealth, lifestyle, occupation, age

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His lifestyle (there are different reasons for people concerned with fashion or health, for people

who want to travel alone and the ones who want to make new friends, people who like parties);

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Past experiences (the experience of being a tourist in general, but also in certain types of

holidays; are taken into account both positive and negative experiences);

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Perceptions& Experience (changing expectations as a tourist, strengths and weaknesses);

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Economy (increased or decreased income)

Other reasons (aircraft crews and vessels for the public transport).

Important in the study of tourist motivation is also the study of groups traveling together (shares motivations). People who travel together influence each other regarding decision-making factors.

Most trips are a compromise between the members of the group. It is possible that the group has a dominant member, whose motivations influence the whole group

Those who are part of a higher social class choose holidays in exotic destinations, use luxury means of transport like private jets, yachts, limousines, choose luxury services.

Middle-class tourists are turning to less pretentious offers, choose forms of accommodation such as camping, hostels, hotels from one star to three stars, choose holiday packages with advantageous price, even discounts.

The gender of the tourists can influence to some extent their choice for a holiday. For example,

women choose shopping holidays, or holidays that include beauty and body treatments, spa and men

can opt for sports holidays such as golf tournaments, or participate in various sporting events (tennis

championships, football games etc)

Cultural and nationality differences influence the choices tourists make regarding a holiday. This is the case of tourists from cold areas traveling on holiday in warm areas, or those from warm climate choosing holiday destinations in cold areas.